第七十七章
Chapter 77
天之道,其犹张弓与!高者抑之,下者举之;有余者损之,不足者补之。天之道,损有余而补不足。人之道则不然,损不足以奉有余。孰能有余以奉天下?唯有道者。是以圣人为而不恃,功成而不处,其不欲见贤。
The way of heaven is like drawing a bow: the top is pulled down and the bottom is raised up; the excess is reduced and the deficiency is supplemented. The way of heaven reduces the excessive and supplements the insufficient. But the way of humans is not so — it reduces the insufficient to serve the excessive. Who can take from the excessive and give to the world? Only one who has the Tao. Therefore the sage acts but does not rely on his actions; achieves merit but does not dwell on it. He has no desire to display his worthiness.
白话译文
自然的法则就像拉弓射箭一样:弓高了就把它压低,低了就把它举高;弦拉得太满就减少一些,不足就补上一些。自然的法则是减少多余的补给不足的。人间的法则却不是这样,是减少不足的来供奉多余的。谁能够把多余的拿来供给天下不足的呢?只有有道的人才能做到。因此圣人有所作为而不依仗,功成业就而不居功,他不愿意显示自己的贤能。
AI 解读
天道与人道的对比揭示了社会不公的本质:自然界趋向平衡,人类社会却制造不平衡——穷者愈穷、富者愈富。老子呼唤有道之人以天道的精神来纠正人道的偏失,这种社会正义的思想在两千多年前就已经如此清晰而深刻。